On the Application of Numerical Analysis in Tunnelling
نویسندگان
چکیده
At present tunnels tend to be analyzed on the basis of 2D finite element computations , because 3D analyses are considered to be extremely time consuming. As a result, 3D analyses are presently the domain of researchers. Consulting engineers will only perform 3DFEM analyses when facing complex geometries, e.g. tunnel joints or connections to underground stations, but not for straight-ahead tunneling. For judging possibilities, we distinguish between the 3 main focuses of tunnel analyses: tunnel heading stability, surface settlements and structural forces in linings. No doubt, tunnel heading stability requires a 3D FE-analysis, as otherwise one can not possibly capture the very significant arching in frictional ground. Here, it will be shown that safety factors can be computed relatively easily by the so-called SSR-FEM. In contrast to stability analyses, settlement analyses tend to require very large 3D meshes, but a so-called smart 3D analysis is proposed to overcome this difficulty. For the computation of structural forces in tunnel linings, a relatively simple 2D analysis is presented which matches the solution of a full 3D analysis reasonably well.
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تاریخ انتشار 2003